Algorithmique du cycle 4 - 3e

Niveau 3 : blocs personalisés

Exercice 1 : Déplacement véhicule - Fonctions - Utilisation d'une fonction avec différents paramètres (7/8)

Une fonction peut être appelée avec différents paramètres.

Placez le véhicule devant la tour en utilisant le bloc et observez l'éxécution de la fonction dépendant de l'argument fournit.

{"options": {"toolbox": [{"type": "base_numberinput"}, {"type": "road_turnleft"}, {"type": "road_turnright"}], "blocks": {"base_start": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Au d\u00e9marrage", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "on_event": "start", "creatable": false, "tooltip": "D\u00e9marrage de l'algorithme", "colour": 65, "next_statement": true}, "road_turnright": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 droite \u21b7", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 droite", "previous_statement": true}, "base_numberinput": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"default": 0.0, "type": "number_input", "name": "value"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 260, "tooltip": "Fourni un nombre", "output": "Number"}, "road_forward": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 1 case", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Avancer d'une case tout droit", "previous_statement": true}, "base_varvalue": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"default": "x", "type": "variable", "name": "var_name"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 330, "tooltip": "Fourni la valeur d'une variable", "output": true}, "DefForwardN": {"specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": ["function_DefForwardN", {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "arg_0", "check": null}, {"fields": [{"text": "cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "inline": true, "next_statement": true, "previous_statement": true}]}, "colour": 160, "is_function_def": true, "compound": {"blocks": {"TitleDef_DefForwardN": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}, {"default": "N", "type": "variable", "name": "arg_0"}, {"text": "cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "output": true}, "GenericFunction": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Fonction \u00ab", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "fn_def", "check": null}, {"fields": [{"text": "\u00bb", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_fn", "check": null}], "colour": 65, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": {}}, "is_function_def": true, "inline": true}}, "ast": {"type": "GenericFunction", "fn_def": {"type": "TitleDef_DefForwardN"}}}, "inline": true}, "base_repeattimes": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "R\u00e9p\u00e9ter", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "ntimes", "check": "Number"}, {"fields": [{"text": "fois", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_repeat", "check": null}], "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "previous_statement": true, "inline": true, "next_statement": true}, "road_turnleft": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche \u21b6", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche", "previous_statement": true}}}, "ast": [[{"editable": false, "type": "base_start", "deletable": false}], [{"arg_0": "N", "code_fn": [{"code_repeat": [{"editable": false, "type": "road_forward", "deletable": false}], "editable": false, "type": "base_repeattimes", "deletable": false, "ntimes": {"editable": false, "var_name": "N", "type": "base_varvalue", "deletable": false}}], "type": "DefForwardN", "deletable": false, "editable": false}]]}

Exercice 2 : Déplacement véhicule - Fonctions - Utilisation d'une fonction (2/8)

Il est fastidieux de devoir répéter plusieurs fois une boucle avec des instructions dedans. Il est plus simple d'avoir une fonction dédiée et de l'utiliser plusieurs fois.

Placez le véhicule devant la tour en utilisant le nouveau bloc dédié.

Exercice 3 : Déplacement véhicule - Fonctions - Ecriture d'une fonction avec paramètres (6/8)

Concevez maintenant le contenu de la fonction en utilisant la variable pour placez le véhicule devant la tour d'arrivée.

{"options": {"toolbox": [{"type": "base_repeattimes"}, {"var_name": "N", "type": "base_varvalue"}, {"type": "road_forward"}], "blocks": {"base_start": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Au d\u00e9marrage", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "on_event": "start", "creatable": false, "tooltip": "D\u00e9marrage de l'algorithme", "colour": 65, "next_statement": true}, "road_turnright": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 droite \u21b7", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 droite", "previous_statement": true}, "base_numberinput": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"default": 0.0, "type": "number_input", "name": "value"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 260, "tooltip": "Fourni un nombre", "output": "Number"}, "road_forward": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 1 case", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Avancer d'une case tout droit", "previous_statement": true}, "base_varvalue": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"default": "x", "type": "variable", "name": "var_name"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 330, "tooltip": "Fourni la valeur d'une variable", "output": true}, "DefForwardN": {"specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": ["function_DefForwardN", {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "arg_0", "check": null}, {"fields": [{"text": "cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "inline": true, "next_statement": true, "previous_statement": true}]}, "colour": 160, "is_function_def": true, "compound": {"blocks": {"TitleDef_DefForwardN": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}, {"default": "N", "type": "variable", "name": "arg_0"}, {"text": "cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "output": true}, "GenericFunction": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Fonction \u00ab", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "fn_def", "check": null}, {"fields": [{"text": "\u00bb", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_fn", "check": null}], "colour": 65, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": {}}, "is_function_def": true, "inline": true}}, "ast": {"type": "GenericFunction", "fn_def": {"type": "TitleDef_DefForwardN"}}}, "inline": true}, "base_repeattimes": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "R\u00e9p\u00e9ter", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "ntimes", "check": "Number"}, {"fields": [{"text": "fois", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_repeat", "check": null}], "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "previous_statement": true, "inline": true, "next_statement": true}, "function_DefForwardN": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "arg_0", "check": null}, {"fields": [{"text": "cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "inline": true, "next_statement": true, "previous_statement": true}}}, "ast": [[{"editable": false, "type": "base_start", "deletable": false}, {"arg_0": {"editable": false, "type": "base_numberinput", "deletable": false, "value": 3.0}, "type": "function_DefForwardN", "deletable": false}, {"editable": false, "type": "road_turnright", "deletable": false}, {"editable": false, "arg_0": {"editable": false, "type": "base_numberinput", "deletable": false, "value": 3.0}, "type": "function_DefForwardN", "deletable": false}], [{"editable": false, "show_in_toolbox": false, "type": "DefForwardN", "deletable": false, "movable": false}]]}

Exercice 4 : Déplacement véhicule - Fonctions - Ecriture d'une fonction (4/8)

Concevez maintenant le contenu de la fonction pour placez le véhicule devant la tour d'arrivée.

{"options": {"toolbox": [{"type": "base_simplerepeattimes"}, {"type": "road_forward"}, {"type": "road_turnleft"}, {"type": "road_turnright"}], "blocks": {"base_start": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Au d\u00e9marrage", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "on_event": "start", "creatable": false, "tooltip": "D\u00e9marrage de l'algorithme", "colour": 65, "next_statement": true}, "road_turnright": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 droite \u21b7", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 droite", "previous_statement": true}, "function_DefForward6": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 6 cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "inline": true, "next_statement": true, "previous_statement": true}, "road_forward": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 1 case", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Avancer d'une case tout droit", "previous_statement": true}, "base_simplerepeattimes": {"colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "previous_statement": true, "compound": {"blocks": {"base_repeattimes": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "R\u00e9p\u00e9ter", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "ntimes", "check": "Number"}, {"fields": [{"text": "fois", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_repeat", "check": null}], "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "previous_statement": true, "inline": true, "next_statement": true}, "base_numberinput": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"default": 0.0, "type": "number_input", "name": "value"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 260, "tooltip": "Fourni un nombre", "output": "Number"}}, "ast": {"type": "base_repeattimes", "ntimes": {"alias": {"value": "ntimes"}, "type": "base_numberinput"}}}, "inline": true, "next_statement": true}, "road_turnleft": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche \u21b6", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche", "previous_statement": true}, "DefForward6": {"specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": ["function_DefForward6", {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 6 cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "inline": true, "next_statement": true, "previous_statement": true}]}, "colour": 160, "is_function_def": true, "compound": {"blocks": {"TitleDef_DefForward6": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 6 cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "output": true}, "GenericFunction": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Fonction \u00ab", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "fn_def", "check": null}, {"fields": [{"text": "\u00bb", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_fn", "check": null}], "colour": 65, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": {}}, "is_function_def": true, "inline": true}}, "ast": {"type": "GenericFunction", "fn_def": {"type": "TitleDef_DefForward6"}}}, "inline": true}}}, "ast": [[{"editable": false, "type": "base_start", "deletable": false}, {"editable": false, "type": "function_DefForward6", "deletable": false}, {"editable": false, "type": "road_turnright", "deletable": false}, {"editable": false, "type": "function_DefForward6", "deletable": false}], [{"show_in_toolbox": false, "type": "DefForward6", "deletable": false}]]}

Exercice 5 : Comprendre un algorithme tracant des motifs simples

On considère le programme ci-dessous faisant appel à une fonction Motif permettant de dessiner un carré.

Motif :
{"options": {"blockly": {"readOnly": true}, "blocks": {"drawing_forward": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Avancer d'un certain nombre de pixels", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}, {"name": "npixels", "default": 10.0, "type": "number_input"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "Motif": {"compound": {"blocks": {"TitleDef_Motif": {"output": true, "colour": 160, "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Motif", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}]}, "GenericFunction": {"colour": 65, "inputs": [{"type": "value_input", "fields": [{"text": "Fonction \u00ab", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "name": "fn_def", "check": null}, {"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "\u00bb", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}, {"type": "statement_input", "fields": [], "align": "left", "name": "code_fn", "check": null}], "inline": true, "is_function_def": true, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": {}}}}, "ast": {"type": "GenericFunction", "fn_def": {"type": "TitleDef_Motif"}}}, "colour": 160, "inline": true, "is_function_def": true, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": ["function_Motif", {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Motif", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}]}}, "drawing_writing_position": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 210, "tooltip": "Mettre le stylo en posiion d'\u00e9criture", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Stylo en \u00e9criture", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "drawing_moving_position": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 210, "tooltip": "Relever le stylo", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Relever le stylo", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "drawing_turn": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Tourner d'un angle", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Tourner de", "type": "text"}, {"name": "angle", "default": 0, "type": "angle"}, {"text": "degr\u00e9s", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}}}, "ast": [[{"type": "Motif", "code_fn": [{"type": "drawing_writing_position", "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_forward", "npixels": 55.0, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_turn", "angle": 90, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_forward", "npixels": 55.0, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_turn", "angle": 90, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_forward", "npixels": 55.0, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_turn", "angle": 90, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_forward", "npixels": 55.0, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_turn", "angle": 90, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_moving_position", "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}], "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false, "show_in_toolbox": false}]]}

Programme :
{"options": {"blockly": {"readOnly": true}, "blocks": {"drawing_reset": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 210, "tooltip": "Effacer tout", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Effacer tout", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "drawing_forward": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Avancer d'un certain nombre de pixels", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}, {"name": "npixels", "default": 10.0, "type": "number_input"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "base_simplerepeattimes": {"compound": {"blocks": {"base_repeattimes": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "inputs": [{"type": "value_input", "fields": [{"text": "R\u00e9p\u00e9ter", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "name": "ntimes", "check": "Number"}, {"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "fois", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}, {"type": "statement_input", "fields": [], "align": "left", "name": "code_repeat", "check": null}], "inline": true}, "base_numberinput": {"output": "Number", "colour": 260, "tooltip": "Fourni un nombre", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"name": "value", "default": 0.0, "type": "number_input"}], "align": "left"}]}}, "ast": {"type": "base_repeattimes", "ntimes": {"type": "base_numberinput", "alias": {"value": "ntimes"}}}}, "previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "inline": true}, "drawing_set_turn": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "S'orienter avec un angle", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "S'orienter \u00e0 ", "type": "text"}, {"name": "angle", "default": 0, "type": "angle"}, {"text": "degr\u00e9s", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "drawing_turn": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Tourner d'un angle", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Tourner de", "type": "text"}, {"name": "angle", "default": 0, "type": "angle"}, {"text": "degr\u00e9s", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "drawing_move_to": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Se placer sur le pixel (x; y)", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Aller \u00e0 x:", "type": "text"}, {"name": "x", "default": 10.0, "type": "number_input"}, {"text": "y:", "type": "text"}, {"name": "y", "default": 10.0, "type": "number_input"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "base_start": {"next_statement": true, "colour": 65, "tooltip": "D\u00e9marrage de l'algorithme", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Au d\u00e9marrage", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "creatable": false, "on_event": "start"}, "function_Motif": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Motif", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}}}, "ast": [[{"type": "base_start", "deletable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_reset"}, {"type": "drawing_move_to", "x": 10.0, "y": 180.0}, {"type": "drawing_set_turn", "angle": 0}, {"type": "base_simplerepeattimes", "code_repeat": [{"type": "function_Motif"}, {"type": "drawing_forward", "npixels": 30.0}, {"type": "drawing_turn", "angle": -90}], "ntimes": 3.0}]]}

Trouver parmi les figures suivantes, celles qui ont pu être tracées avec ce programme en faisant varier le nombre de répétitions et la distance entre 2 motifs (celle-ci ne pouvant être inférieure à 10).

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