Algorithmique du cycle 4 - 4e

Niveau 3 : blocs personalisés

Exercice 1 : Comprendre un algorithme tracant des motifs simples

On considère le programme ci-dessous faisant appel à une fonction Motif permettant de dessiner un parallélogramme.

Motif :
{"options": {"blockly": {"readOnly": true}, "blocks": {"drawing_forward": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Avancer d'un certain nombre de pixels", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}, {"name": "npixels", "default": 10.0, "type": "number_input"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "Motif": {"compound": {"blocks": {"TitleDef_Motif": {"output": true, "colour": 160, "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Motif", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}]}, "GenericFunction": {"colour": 65, "inputs": [{"type": "value_input", "fields": [{"text": "Fonction \u00ab", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "name": "fn_def", "check": null}, {"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "\u00bb", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}, {"type": "statement_input", "fields": [], "align": "left", "name": "code_fn", "check": null}], "inline": true, "is_function_def": true, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": {}}}}, "ast": {"type": "GenericFunction", "fn_def": {"type": "TitleDef_Motif"}}}, "colour": 160, "inline": true, "is_function_def": true, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": ["function_Motif", {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Motif", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}]}}, "drawing_writing_position": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 210, "tooltip": "Mettre le stylo en posiion d'\u00e9criture", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Stylo en \u00e9criture", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "drawing_moving_position": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 210, "tooltip": "Relever le stylo", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Relever le stylo", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "drawing_turn": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Tourner d'un angle", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Tourner de", "type": "text"}, {"name": "angle", "default": 0, "type": "angle"}, {"text": "degr\u00e9s", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}}}, "ast": [[{"type": "Motif", "code_fn": [{"type": "drawing_writing_position", "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_forward", "npixels": 55.0, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_turn", "angle": 45, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_forward", "npixels": 55.0, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_turn", "angle": 135, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_forward", "npixels": 55.0, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_turn", "angle": 45, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_forward", "npixels": 55.0, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_turn", "angle": 135, "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_moving_position", "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false}], "deletable": false, "movable": false, "editable": false, "show_in_toolbox": false}]]}

Programme :
{"options": {"blockly": {"readOnly": true}, "blocks": {"drawing_reset": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 210, "tooltip": "Effacer tout", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Effacer tout", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "drawing_forward": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Avancer d'un certain nombre de pixels", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}, {"name": "npixels", "default": 10.0, "type": "number_input"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "drawing_move_to": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Se placer sur le pixel (x; y)", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Aller \u00e0 x:", "type": "text"}, {"name": "x", "default": 10.0, "type": "number_input"}, {"text": "y:", "type": "text"}, {"name": "y", "default": 10.0, "type": "number_input"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "base_start": {"next_statement": true, "colour": 65, "tooltip": "D\u00e9marrage de l'algorithme", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Au d\u00e9marrage", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "creatable": false, "on_event": "start"}, "function_Motif": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Motif", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}, "base_simplerepeattimes": {"compound": {"blocks": {"base_repeattimes": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "inputs": [{"type": "value_input", "fields": [{"text": "R\u00e9p\u00e9ter", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "name": "ntimes", "check": "Number"}, {"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "fois", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}, {"type": "statement_input", "fields": [], "align": "left", "name": "code_repeat", "check": null}], "inline": true}, "base_numberinput": {"output": "Number", "colour": 260, "tooltip": "Fourni un nombre", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"name": "value", "default": 0.0, "type": "number_input"}], "align": "left"}]}}, "ast": {"type": "base_repeattimes", "ntimes": {"type": "base_numberinput", "alias": {"value": "ntimes"}}}}, "previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "inline": true}, "drawing_set_turn": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "S'orienter avec un angle", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "S'orienter \u00e0 ", "type": "text"}, {"name": "angle", "default": 0, "type": "angle"}, {"text": "degr\u00e9s", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}}}, "ast": [[{"type": "base_start", "deletable": false, "editable": false}, {"type": "drawing_reset"}, {"type": "drawing_move_to", "x": 10.0, "y": 180.0}, {"type": "drawing_set_turn", "angle": 0}, {"type": "base_simplerepeattimes", "code_repeat": [{"type": "function_Motif"}, {"type": "drawing_forward", "npixels": 65.0}], "ntimes": 3.0}]]}

Trouver parmi les figures suivantes, celles qui ont pu être tracées avec ce programme en faisant varier le nombre de répétitions et la distance entre 2 motifs.

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Exercice 2 : Déplacement véhicule - Fonctions - Utilisation d'une fonction (2/8)

Il est fastidieux de devoir répéter plusieurs fois une boucle avec des instructions dedans. Il est plus simple d'avoir une fonction dédiée et de l'utiliser plusieurs fois.

Placez le véhicule devant la tour en utilisant le nouveau bloc dédié.

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Exercice 3 : Déplacement véhicule - Fonctions - Utilisation d'une fonction disponible et visible (3/8)

Il est possible de créer nous mêmes des blocs. Ici le contenu de la fonction est affiché sur le côté.

Placez le véhicule devant la tour en utilisant le bloc dédié et observez l'éxécution de la fonction..

{"options": {"blocks": {"road_turnright": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 droite", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 droite \u21b7", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}]}, "base_start": {"next_statement": true, "colour": 65, "tooltip": "D\u00e9marrage de l'algorithme", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Au d\u00e9marrage", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "creatable": false, "on_event": "start"}, "road_turnleft": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche \u21b6", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}]}, "road_forward": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "tooltip": "Avancer d'une case tout droit", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 1 case", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}]}, "base_simplerepeattimes": {"compound": {"blocks": {"base_numberinput": {"output": "Number", "colour": 260, "tooltip": "Fourni un nombre", "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"name": "value", "default": 0.0, "type": "number_input"}], "align": "left"}]}, "base_repeattimes": {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "inputs": [{"type": "value_input", "fields": [{"text": "R\u00e9p\u00e9ter", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "name": "ntimes", "check": "Number"}, {"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "fois", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}, {"type": "statement_input", "fields": [], "align": "left", "name": "code_repeat", "check": null}], "inline": true}}, "ast": {"type": "base_repeattimes", "ntimes": {"type": "base_numberinput", "alias": {"value": "ntimes"}}}}, "previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "inline": true}, "DefForward8": {"compound": {"blocks": {"GenericFunction": {"colour": 65, "inputs": [{"type": "value_input", "fields": [{"text": "Fonction \u00ab", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "name": "fn_def", "check": null}, {"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "\u00bb", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}, {"type": "statement_input", "fields": [], "align": "left", "name": "code_fn", "check": null}], "inline": true, "is_function_def": true, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": {}}}, "TitleDef_DefForward8": {"output": true, "colour": 160, "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 8 cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}]}}, "ast": {"type": "GenericFunction", "fn_def": {"type": "TitleDef_DefForward8"}}}, "colour": 160, "inline": true, "is_function_def": true, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": ["function_DefForward8", {"previous_statement": true, "next_statement": true, "colour": 160, "inputs": [{"type": "dummy_input", "fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 8 cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left"}], "inline": true}]}}}, "toolbox": [{"type": "road_turnleft"}, {"type": "road_turnright"}]}, "ast": [[{"type": "base_start", "deletable": false, "editable": false}], [{"type": "DefForward8", "code_fn": [{"type": "base_simplerepeattimes", "code_repeat": [{"type": "road_forward", "deletable": false, "editable": false}], "ntimes": 8.0, "deletable": false, "editable": false}], "deletable": false, "editable": false}]]}

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Exercice 4 : Déplacement véhicule - Fonctions - Utilisation et écriture d'une fonction avec différents paramètres (8/8)

En utilisant les connaissances découvertes dans cette activité, placez le véhicule devant la tour en concevant et utilisant la fonction

{"options": {"toolbox": [{"type": "base_numberinput"}, {"type": "base_repeattimes"}, {"var_name": "N", "type": "base_varvalue"}, {"type": "road_forward"}, {"type": "road_turnleft"}, {"type": "road_turnright"}], "blocks": {"base_start": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Au d\u00e9marrage", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "on_event": "start", "creatable": false, "tooltip": "D\u00e9marrage de l'algorithme", "colour": 65, "next_statement": true}, "road_turnright": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 droite \u21b7", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 droite", "previous_statement": true}, "base_numberinput": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"default": 0.0, "type": "number_input", "name": "value"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 260, "tooltip": "Fourni un nombre", "output": "Number"}, "road_forward": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 1 case", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Avancer d'une case tout droit", "previous_statement": true}, "base_varvalue": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"default": "x", "type": "variable", "name": "var_name"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 330, "tooltip": "Fourni la valeur d'une variable", "output": true}, "DefForwardN": {"specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": ["function_DefForwardN", {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "arg_0", "check": null}, {"fields": [{"text": "cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "inline": true, "next_statement": true, "previous_statement": true}]}, "colour": 160, "is_function_def": true, "compound": {"blocks": {"TitleDef_DefForwardN": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de", "type": "text"}, {"default": "N", "type": "variable", "name": "arg_0"}, {"text": "cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "output": true}, "GenericFunction": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Fonction \u00ab", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "fn_def", "check": null}, {"fields": [{"text": "\u00bb", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_fn", "check": null}], "colour": 65, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": {}}, "is_function_def": true, "inline": true}}, "ast": {"type": "GenericFunction", "fn_def": {"type": "TitleDef_DefForwardN"}}}, "inline": true}, "base_repeattimes": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "R\u00e9p\u00e9ter", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "ntimes", "check": "Number"}, {"fields": [{"text": "fois", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_repeat", "check": null}], "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "previous_statement": true, "inline": true, "next_statement": true}, "road_turnleft": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche \u21b6", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche", "previous_statement": true}}}, "ast": [[{"editable": false, "type": "base_start", "deletable": false}], [{"editable": false, "arg_0": "N", "type": "DefForwardN", "deletable": false}]]}

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Exercice 5 : Déplacement véhicule - Fonctions - Ecriture d'une fonction (4/8)

Concevez maintenant le contenu de la fonction pour placez le véhicule devant la tour d'arrivée.

{"options": {"toolbox": [{"type": "base_simplerepeattimes"}, {"type": "road_forward"}, {"type": "road_turnleft"}, {"type": "road_turnright"}], "blocks": {"base_start": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Au d\u00e9marrage", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "on_event": "start", "creatable": false, "tooltip": "D\u00e9marrage de l'algorithme", "colour": 65, "next_statement": true}, "function_DefForward5": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 5 cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "inline": true, "next_statement": true, "previous_statement": true}, "road_forward": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 1 case", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Avancer d'une case tout droit", "previous_statement": true}, "road_turnright": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 droite \u21b7", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 droite", "previous_statement": true}, "base_simplerepeattimes": {"colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "previous_statement": true, "compound": {"blocks": {"base_repeattimes": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "R\u00e9p\u00e9ter", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "ntimes", "check": "Number"}, {"fields": [{"text": "fois", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_repeat", "check": null}], "colour": 120, "tooltip": "Execute une suite d'instructions un certain nombre de fois", "previous_statement": true, "inline": true, "next_statement": true}, "base_numberinput": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"default": 0.0, "type": "number_input", "name": "value"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 260, "tooltip": "Fourni un nombre", "output": "Number"}}, "ast": {"type": "base_repeattimes", "ntimes": {"alias": {"value": "ntimes"}, "type": "base_numberinput"}}}, "inline": true, "next_statement": true}, "road_turnleft": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche \u21b6", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "next_statement": true, "tooltip": "Tourner \u00e0 gauche", "previous_statement": true}, "DefForward5": {"specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": ["function_DefForward5", {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 5 cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "inline": true, "next_statement": true, "previous_statement": true}]}, "colour": 160, "is_function_def": true, "compound": {"blocks": {"TitleDef_DefForward5": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Avancer de 5 cases", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}], "colour": 160, "output": true}, "GenericFunction": {"inputs": [{"fields": [{"text": "Fonction \u00ab", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "value_input", "name": "fn_def", "check": null}, {"fields": [{"text": "\u00bb", "type": "text"}], "align": "left", "type": "dummy_input"}, {"fields": [], "align": "left", "type": "statement_input", "name": "code_fn", "check": null}], "colour": 65, "specific_instance_data": {"show_in_toolbox": true, "function_call_block": {}}, "is_function_def": true, "inline": true}}, "ast": {"type": "GenericFunction", "fn_def": {"type": "TitleDef_DefForward5"}}}, "inline": true}}}, "ast": [[{"editable": false, "type": "base_start", "deletable": false}, {"editable": false, "type": "function_DefForward5", "deletable": false}, {"editable": false, "type": "road_turnright", "deletable": false}, {"editable": false, "type": "function_DefForward5", "deletable": false}], [{"show_in_toolbox": false, "type": "DefForward5", "deletable": false}]]}

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